PERKONGSIAN KHAS : KAJIAN KES UNTUK JURNAL "Persuasion Knowledge in the Marketplace: A Meta-Analysis" DAN "For Women in Advertising, It’s Still a ‘Mad Men’ World."

Journal 1

Persuasion Knowledge in the Marketplace: A Meta-Analysis

Written by: Martin Eisend & Farid Tarrahi

First published: 09 June 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1258 Citations: 4

 

Introduction – Case Study

    This study relies on the notion of persuasion to anticipate reactions to marketers' attempts to convince customers with varying levels of persuasion expertise. The report includes a meta-analysis of the findings from 148 studies and 171 separate data sets. Persuasion knowledge effects are significant when compared to persuasion attempts, but it cannot suppress or eliminate persuasion effects in the marketplace since it only reaches roughly 50% of the explanatory power of persuasion. The impacts of persuasion knowledge on assessments and coping are dependent on the parameters of the persuasive process. All persuasion factors assist customers in identifying and better understanding benefits not just for themselves, but also for marketers and how marketers realize those benefits.

 

Discussion

    According to Campbell & Kirmani in their 2008 research in terms of the substance and structure of persuasion knowledge effects, research shows that persuasion knowledge enhances consumers' coping reactions and leads to fewer positive ratings. Additionally, other studies indicate that the persuasive impact is not as positive. However, other studies claim that they have discovered a wide range in the impact of persuasive information and that in some circumstances, it may even result in a favourable assessment of the persuasive agent.

    Other than that, we go to another side of researchers said consumers' understanding and opinions about marketers' attempts at persuasion, as well as their motivations and strategies behind those efforts, are referred to as their level of persuasion knowledge. It is the notion of persuasion is at the heart of persuasion knowledge, thus knowing what persuasion comprises is necessary to define persuasion knowledge. The prevalent understanding of persuasion is that it is a deliberate attempt through communication to influence a recipient who has some degree of freedom of choice, despite the fact that there are several definitions, conceptualizations, and persuasion models. In conclusion, persuasiveness in business is advantageous to all parties involved, including the sender and the influencer This, together with persuasive expertise, is a typical assumption in persuasion models.

    After that, we also want to take you to another angle to think about the definition of the concept of persuasion, knowledge of persuasion can apply to and have an impact on results that the influencer either intends or does not intend. This means the judgments, intentions, behaviour, and recollections of customers that are connected to a brand, a channel, or a company are referred to as the influencers' desired results in a marketing setting. If customers learn persuasive strategies that are advantageous to both them and the marketer, and if they notice that marketers employ potentially manipulative tactics and may even be trying to limit consumers' options. Finally, they found out that This overwhelming response is the result that the marketer did not intend. they develop resilience and response to persuasion results.

 

Jakarta 2022

Article critique

From the Journal sentence criticism 1: In this study, we refer to the concept of persuasion to systematize consumer responses triggered by persuasion knowledge and to identify relevant moderators of persuasion knowledge effects.

    In my point of view, this journal should provide a comprehensive study, in terms of the response of persuasion in marketing. This is because it can happen in many forms and persuasive advertising can be quite impersonal, unlike direct sales, when the salesperson often talks one-on-one with the consumer. Advertisers can only customize advertising so much without compromising their mass appeal because they want their ads to reach as many potential customers as possible.

From the Journal sentence criticism 2: Insights about persuasion knowledge effects are of interest to researchers, marketers, consumers, and public policymakers because they carry major implications for marketing actions’ effectiveness and consumers’ susceptibility to these actions.

         This is because in my perception this kind of action is not professional and It will attempt to influence the most fundamental human emotions and utilize that manipulation to take advantage of unsuspecting clients. An illustration of an unethical commercial is one that exploits people's fears. It can appear that if customers do not buy the offered goods, their health would be in jeopardy.

          In conclusion, the persuasive strategy plays on the buyer's fears and emphasizes what they would lose if they didn't buy the good or service. In my opinion, I would like to suggest some things for improvement in this strategy without jeopardizing their investments to buy goods from marketers. To provide a basis for future research ideas on persuasion knowledge is very necessary to ensure the quality of goods and public knowledge. Limitations in giving persuasion can reduce pressure on buyers and anxiety about the situation.

Pengurusan Stress (Management Stress ilness) !!

 What is stress 

  Stress is your body's way of responding to any kind of demand. 

 It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. 

 When people feel stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood. 

 These chemicals give people more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger. 

 But this can also be a bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength

What cause of stress

  Many different things can cause stress. 

 From physical (such as fear of something dangerous) to emotional (such as worry over your family or job) – these often referred as “stressors.” 

 Some of the most common sources of stress are: 

 Survival Stress - You may have heard the phrase "fight or flight" before. This is a common response to danger in all people and animals. When you are afraid that someone or something may physically hurt you, your body naturally responds with a burst of energy so that you will be better able to survive the dangerous situation (fight) or escape it all together (flight). This is survival stress. 

 Internal Stress - Have you ever caught yourself worrying about things you can do nothing about or worrying for no reason at all? This is internal stress and it is one of the most important kinds of stress to understand and manage. Internal stress is when people make themselves stressed. This often happens when we worry about things we can't control or put ourselves in situations we know will cause us stress. Some people become addicted to the kind of hurried, tense, lifestyle that results from being under stress. They even look for stressful situations and feel stress about things that aren't stressful. 

 Environmental Stress - This is a response to things around you that cause stress, such as noise, crowding, and pressure from work or family. Identifying these environmental stresses and learning to avoid them or deal with them will help lower your stress level. 

 Fatigue and Overwork - This kind of stress builds up over a long time and can take a hard toll on your body. It can be caused by working too much or too hard at your job(s), school, or home. It can also be caused by not knowing how to manage your time well or how to take time out for rest and relaxation. 

Good stress vs Bad stress

 So if stress can be so bad for you, how can there be "good" or "positive" stress? 

 If you are suffering from extreme stress or long-term stress, your body will eventually wear itself down. But sometimes, small amounts of stress can actually be good. 

 Understanding your stress level is important. If nothing in your life causes you any stress or excitement, you may become bored or may not be living up to your potential. If everything in your life, or large portions of your life, cause you stress, you may experience health or mental problems that will make your behavior worse.

Understanding the illness link about the stress:

 Neurobiological perspectives: 

 The body pays a price if must constantly adapt to stress. 

 This ‘price’ can be expressed in terms of what is referred to as allostatic load - (allostatic (or allotasis) - is the process of achieving stability, or homeostasis, through physiological or behavioral change). 

 If the body is exposed to high levels of stress hormones such as cortisol and becomes susceptible to disease because of altered immune system functioning – a high allostatic load.

  Psychodynamic perspectives: 

 Franz Alexander (1950) – repressed emotional impulses created a chronic negative emotional state that impacted health, thus setting the stage for problems like ulcers, asthma, or essential hypertension.

  Cognitive and personality perspectives: 

 Physical threats obviously create stress – so do negative emotions such as resentment, regret, and worry. 

 Negative emotions stimulate sympathetic nervous system activity and may keep the body’s stress systems aroused and the body in a continual state of emergency, sometimes for far longer than it can bear, as suggested by the notion of allostatic load. 

 Personality traits have been linked to immune system functioning – e.g. negative emotions linked to slow antibody production. 

Physical and mental signs of short-term stress

 Often occurring in quick 'bursts' in reaction to something in your environment, short-term stress can affect your body in many ways. Some examples: 

• •Making your heartbeat and breath faster
• •Making you sweat more
• •Leaving you with cold hands, feet, or skin
• •Making you feel sick to your stomach
• •Tightening your muscles or making you feel tense
• •Leaving your mouth dry
• •Making you have to go to the bathroom frequently
• •Increasing muscle spasms, headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath. 

 While this burst of energy may help you in physical situations where your body needs to react quickly, it can have bad effects on your mind and performance if there is no outlet or reason for your stress. These effects may include: 

• •Interfering with your judgment and causing you to make bad decisions
• •Making you see difficult situations as threatening
• •Reducing your enjoyment and making you feel bad
• •Making it difficult for you to concentrate or to deal with distraction
• •Leaving you anxious, frustrated or mad
• •Making you feel rejected, unable to laugh, afraid of free time, unable to work, and not willing to discuss your problems with others. 

Physical and mental signs of short-term stress

 Long-term stress or stress that is occurring over long periods of time can have an even greater effect on your body and mind. Long-term stress can affect your body by: 

• Changing your appetite (making you eat either less or more)
• Changing your sleep habits (either causing you to sleep too much or not letting you sleep enough)
•  Encouraging 'nervous' behavior such as twitching, fiddling, talking too much, nail biting, teeth grinding, pacing, and other repetitive habits
• Causing you to catch colds or the flu more often and causing other illnesses such as asthma, headaches, stomach problems, skin problems, and other aches and pains
• Affecting your sex life and performance
• Making you feel constantly tired and worn out. 

 Long-term stress can also have serious effects on your mental health and behavior: 

• Worrying and feeling anxious (which can sometimes lead to anxiety disorder and panic attacks) 
• Feeling out of control, overwhelmed, confused, and/or unable to make decisions
• Experiencing mood changes such as depression, frustration, anger, helplessness, irritability, defensiveness, irrationality, overreaction, or impatience and restlessness
• Increasing dependence on food, cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs
• Neglecting important things in life such as work, school, and even personal appearance
• Developing irrational fears of things such as physical illnesses, natural disasters like thunderstorms and earthquakes, and even being terrified of ordinary situations like heights or small spaces.  

Stress Management

 Relaxation training – the most common form of relaxation training is progressive muscle relaxation, which involves systematically tensing and then relaxing each major muscle group in the body. 

 Cognitive restructuring – includes approaches to alter people’s belief systems and reduce the negativity of their interpretations of experience. 

 Behavioral skills training – practice in skills such as time management and effective prioritizing. 

Abnormal Breathing Technique

Breathing exercises such as this one should be done twice a day or whenever you find your mind dwelling on upsetting thoughts or when you are experiencing pain: 

• Place one hand on your chest and the other on your abdomen. When you take a deep breath in, the hand on the abdomen should rise higher than the one on the chest. This insures that the diaphragm is pulling air into the bases of the lungs. 
• After exhaling through the mouth, take a slow deep breath in through your nose imagining that you are sucking in all the air in the room and hold it for a count of 7 (or as long as you are able, not exceeding 7). 
• Slowly exhale through your mouth for a count of 8. As all the air is released with relaxation, gently contract your abdominal muscles to completely evacuate the remaining air from the lungs. It is important to remember that we deepen respiration not by inhaling more air but through completely exhaling it. 
• Repeat the cycle four more times for a total of 5 deep breaths and try to breathe at a rate of one breath every 10 seconds (or 6 breaths per minute). At this rate our heart rate variability increases which has a positive effect on cardiac health. 

Article Shared : Explain the conditions that are essential for operand and classical conditioning to occur and provide an example in the classroom context.

 

Explain the conditions that are essential for operand and classical conditioning to occur and provide an example in the classroom context.

Afiq Shahiri : 15/12/2021

 

Classical conditioning it is how one learns to associate stimuli or connect with the thinking brain. According to Ivan Pavlov (1927) gave a theory to two types of stimuli and two types of responses namely unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR). And furthermore, when a neutral stimulus gets linked with a significant stimulus, it gains the ability to trigger a comparable reaction. This is an example of associative learning.

Pavlov gave the example of a dog as a response for example unconditional stimulus (UCS) which shows the dog only listens to the door without responding while conditioned response (CR) is a learned response to a conditioned stimulus that occurs after the UCS-CS pair example gives sound as well as followed by feeding. According to him again, Involved in both good and bad experiences of youngsters in the school. Like favorite songs and the perception that the classroom is a secure and enjoyable environment are two examples of items in children's learning that have become classics and so provide hours of entertainment. To be clear in classical conditioning is included:

UCS is anything that elicits an instant or somewhat instinctive reaction might be defined as automatic reaction.

UCR is a response which is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.

CS is when a conditioned stimulus is offered repeatedly for a period of time prior to an unconditioned stimulus, it is said to have been conditionally presented. At the conclusion of the experiment, it will produce the same reaction as the conditioned stimulus.

CR is described as a reaction that occurs as a consequence of exposure to a conditioned stimulus

So operant conditioning is a learning process in which purposeful activities are rewarded by the consequences of those behaviours. If the dog then improves his or her ability to sit and remain in order to earn the reward, this is an example of operant conditioning. Other than that, positive reinforcement, such as giving a dog a treat or providing food to a rat, may be used in operant conditioning experiments. Furthermore, negative reinforcement is used to reward a dog for staying close to its human by relieving the uncomfortable strain on the leash. Opportunistic training might include punishment in certain cases. Each and every example of operant conditioning shows how a desired behaviour is reinforced via the use of consequences.

In operant conditioning, the concepts of reinforcement and punishment are used to achieve the desired results. You are enhancing a behaviour when you reinforce it. A consequence or result that raises the probability of a certain behavioural response is defined as reinforcement. The behavior-strengthening impact may present itself in a variety of ways, including increased frequency, longer duration, larger amplitude, and shorter latency in response. It is any consequence or event that reduces the chance of a behavioural reaction that is defined as a kind of punitive action.

Furthermore, both reinforcement and punishment might be positive and negative and have the potential to be effective. Positive and negative may not always imply good or bad behaviour in operant conditioning. Instead, positive implies that you are adding something, while negative implies that you are subtracting something. All of these techniques may be used to affect the behaviour of a subject, but each one operates in a different way.

For example, when in class, students like to run around in class. This thing cannot be saved because it is the nature of boys to do such a thing. But when they hear the rattan they will automatically stop. This is an example where the UCS response occurs. However, if this matter continues to be practiced then indirectly the students will recognize the sound and continue to respond then this matter is CR. At the same time, it can happen if the teacher makes an angry face at the students then automatically UCR happens. It is customary if done then they will understand if the teacher looks with a sharp gaze it signals to reprimand and the students will be silent. If this happens repeatedly then it has been embedded in the brains of the pupils. For example, the conditional stimulus arises when it is presented repeatedly for some time before the unconditional stimulus. Eventually, it will give the same response as the conditioned stimulus. So, the students have become accustomed to the conditions and react naturally when it happens. So, this is included in CS conditional stimuli.

 Other than that, it can also have a positive impact on behavior when operant conditioning applied. For example,

Positive reinforcers add desired or pleasant stimuli to increase or maintain the frequency of a behavior. For example, students not running around in class will get candy.

Negative reinforcers emit unpleasant or unpleasant stimuli to increase or maintain the frequency of the behavior. For example, a student if he does not run in class, can return early.

Positive punishment adds an unpleasant stimulus to reduce a behavior or reaction. For example, a student running around in class will be fined for having to memorize the numbers 1 through 12 in front of an assembly for four consecutive days.

Negative punishment eliminates pleasant stimuli to reduce behavior or reactions. For example, a student running in class will get a fine of all not being able to go home early at the end of the school day.

 These two things are very related to connect a situation. Stimuli that are used to promote a certain behaviour may be classified as either primary or secondary. The main reinforcer, also known as an unconditional reinforcer, is a stimulus that has a naturally reinforcing effect on the subject's behaviour. There has been no research on such reinforcers. At the sometime, it may include with generalization which is can generalize similar things and respond the same. For all students know, a bell rings to signal a break time. And finally is discrimination is an opportunistic conditioning occurs when an organism reacts differentially to two comparable but not identical stimuli in the context of different way. Like at an assembly when the teacher has finished speech,  half the students some applaud and some are silent. This shows different ways of responding from the same context.

Presentation of RESEARCH OF BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEM (IRREGULAR SLEEP BEHAVIOUR) - BEHAVIOUR OF MODIFICATION

 

Tajuk Khas tentang "Abnormal Psychology: Schizophrenia Disorder" | Jom Bacaa!!!!!! (Bilingual Language)

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

GANGGUAN SCHIZOPHRENIA

    Harini ini kita akan cerita sedikit tentang psikologi abnormal yang juga adalah cabang psikologi yang mengkaji tingkah laku yang menyimpang dari norma, yang sering kali dikaitkan dengan gangguan mental. Salah satu gangguan mental yang paling kompleks dan sukar difahami ialah skizofrenia. Skizofrenia adalah gangguan mental kronik yang mempengaruhi cara seseorang berfikir, merasai, dan berkelakuan. Individu dengan skizofrenia mungkin kelihatan seperti telah hilang hubungan dengan realiti, yang boleh menyebabkan penderitaan yang besar bagi mereka dan orang-orang di sekeliling mereka. Dalam karangan ini, kita akan meneroka skizofrenia dari pelbagai sudut, termasuk simptom, punca, dan rawatannya. Untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif, kita juga akan menyertakan contoh kes yang menggambarkan bagaimana skizofrenia mempengaruhi kehidupan seharian seseorang.

Simptom Skizofrenia

    Simptom skizofrenia biasanya dibahagikan kepada tiga kategori utama: positif, negatif, dan kognitif. Simptom positif merujuk kepada tingkah laku yang ditambahkan pada personaliti seseorang, seperti delusi dan halusinasi. Delusi adalah kepercayaan yang salah yang tidak sesuai dengan realiti, seperti kepercayaan bahawa seseorang sedang diawasi oleh agen kerajaan. Halusinasi, yang paling biasa ialah halusinasi pendengaran, melibatkan mendengar suara-suara yang tidak ada.

    Simptom negatif adalah pengurangan atau kehilangan keupayaan untuk berfungsi secara normal. Ini termasuk kekurangan motivasi, kemampuan emosi yang rata, dan pengunduran diri daripada interaksi sosial. Individu dengan simptom negatif mungkin menghadapi kesukaran untuk menjaga hubungan atau pekerjaan.

    Simptom kognitif melibatkan masalah dengan pemikiran dan ingatan. Ini boleh berupa kesukaran dalam memahami maklumat atau membuat keputusan, serta gangguan pada fungsi eksekutif yang melibatkan perancangan dan pengorganisasian.

Rawatan Skizofrenia

Rawatan skizofrenia biasanya melibatkan gabungan terapi ubat dan terapi psikososial. Ubat antipsikotik adalah pilihan utama dalam mengurangkan simptom positif seperti delusi dan halusinasi. Walau bagaimanapun, ubat ini seringkali mempunyai kesan sampingan yang ketara, oleh itu pengawasan perubatan yang ketat diperlukan.

Terapi psikososial, termasuk terapi kognitif-tingkah laku (CBT), terapi keluarga, dan pemulihan sosial, penting untuk membantu individu mengurus simptom mereka dan meningkatkan fungsi harian. Sokongan dari keluarga dan komuniti juga sangat penting dalam proses pemulihan.

Punca Skizofrenia

    Punca skizofrenia masih belum difahami sepenuhnya, namun para saintis percaya bahawa ia adalah hasil daripada gabungan faktor genetik, biokimia, dan persekitaran. Faktor genetik memainkan peranan penting; seseorang yang mempunyai ahli keluarga dengan skizofrenia mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengembangkan gangguan ini. Penyelidikan juga menunjukkan bahawa ketidakseimbangan neurotransmiter, seperti dopamin, menyumbang kepada perkembangan skizofrenia.

    Faktor persekitaran seperti tekanan yang melampau atau pendedahan kepada virus tertentu semasa perkembangan janin juga boleh meningkatkan risiko. Selain itu, penggunaan dadah, terutamanya bahan-bahan yang mempengaruhi otak seperti ganja, telah dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko skizofrenia pada individu yang mempunyai kerentanan genetik.

Contoh Kes: Ahmad

    Ahmad, seorang lelaki berusia 25 tahun, mula menunjukkan tanda-tanda skizofrenia ketika dia berusia 20 tahun. Pada mulanya, keluarganya menganggap perubahan tingkah lakunya sebagai fasa sementara. Namun, Ahmad mula berbicara tentang konspirasi yang melibatkan jiran-jirannya dan merasakan bahawa orang-orang di televisyen sedang menghantar mesej rahsia kepadanya. Dia juga mendengar suara-suara yang menyuruhnya melakukan perkara-perkara tertentu.

    Keadaan Ahmad semakin buruk apabila dia berhenti dari pekerjaannya dan mula menarik diri daripada rakan-rakannya. Keluarganya membawanya ke pakar psikiatri, di mana Ahmad didiagnosis dengan skizofrenia. Dengan gabungan ubat antipsikotik dan terapi psikososial, Ahmad mula menunjukkan peningkatan. Dia belajar mengenal pasti dan mengatasi delusi serta halusinasinya melalui CBT, dan mula berinteraksi semula dengan orang-orang di sekelilingnya.

    Walaupun Ahmad masih menghadapi cabaran, sokongan yang konsisten dari keluarga dan komuniti, serta rawatan perubatan yang tepat, membantunya untuk menjalani kehidupan yang lebih stabil dan produktif.

    Skizofrenia adalah gangguan mental yang kompleks dengan simptom yang pelbagai dan punca yang multifaktorial. Walaupun begitu, dengan rawatan yang tepat dan sokongan yang memadai, individu dengan skizofrenia dapat menjalani kehidupan yang lebih baik dan lebih bermakna. Memahami skizofrenia secara mendalam bukan sahaja membantu dalam pengembangan rawatan yang lebih berkesan tetapi juga meningkatkan empati dan sokongan bagi mereka yang terkena kesan gangguan ini.

Cara - Cara untuk Mengurus Pesakit yang menghadapi Gangguan Mental | Ways to Manage Mental Disorder Patient !!!

 

Pengurusan Pesakit Gangguan Mental

Disunting oleh: Muhammad Afiq Shahiri Bin Sapie   4 September 2020 1 (2)

    Ramai orang yang telah didiagnosis dengan penyakit mental mendapat kekuatan dan penyembuhan melalui penyertaan dalam terapi individu atau kumpulan yang diprogramkan. Pilihan terapi adalah banyak dan berbeza dari seorang ke seorang. Walaupun tiada satu terapi berkesan untuk semua orang, orang ramai boleh memilih rawatan, atau gabungan terapi, yang mereka percaya paling berkesan untuk mereka.

     Apabila kita pergi ke gangguan kecemasan. Terdapat beberapa cara yang boleh dilakukan untuk menguruskan psikoterapi gangguan kecemasan ini. Psikoterapi sering dikenali sebagai terapi bercakap atau kaunseling psikologi, adalah usaha kolaboratif antara anda dan ahli terapi untuk mengurangkan gejala kebimbangan anda. Ia berpotensi untuk menjadi terapi kebimbangan yang berkesan.

     Pakar psikologi telah memberikan petua dan peranan untuk mencegah atau mengawal jika seseorang itu mengalami kebimbangan seperti mengekalkan tahap aktiviti fizikal yang sihat setiap hari. Elakkan mengambil minuman beralkohol dan menggunakan dadah rekreasi untuk memastikan badan anda kekal sihat dan juga merokok harus dielakkan, dan minuman berkafein harus dikurangkan atau dielakkan sama sekali. Selain itu, pengurusan tekanan dan strategi relaksasi harus digunakan untuk melaksanakan setiap hari.

Bandung 2020

Diagnosis Awal dan Tepat:

• Lakukan penilaian klinikal yang menyeluruh.
• Menggunakan alat penilaian dan diagnostik standard.
• Mengambil kira sejarah perubatan dan psikososial pesakit.

Rawatan perubatan:

• Penggunaan ubat psikotropik seperti antidepresan, antipsikotik, dan penstabil mood.
• Pemantauan kesan sampingan dan pelarasan dos ubat jika perlu.
• Rundingan tetap dengan pakar psikiatri.

Terapi Psikologi:

• Terapi kognitif-tingkah laku (CBT).
• Terapi keluarga atau kumpulan sokongan.
• Terapi berasaskan kesedaran seperti meditasi dan yoga.

Pendidikan dan Sokongan Pesakit:

• Memberi pendidikan tentang gangguan mental yang dialami.
• Membantu pesakit memahami dan menguruskan simptom.
• Membangunkan kemahiran mengatasi dan teknik relaksasi.

Sokongan Sosial:

• Galakkan hubungan sosial yang positif dan sokongan daripada keluarga dan rakan-rakan.
• Menyediakan akses kepada kumpulan sokongan komuniti.
• Mengurangkan stigma terhadap gangguan mental dalam masyarakat.

Pelarasan Gaya Hidup:

• Menggalakkan amalan gaya hidup sihat seperti diet seimbang dan senaman yang kerap.
• Kurangkan atau elakkan penggunaan bahan seperti alkohol dan dadah.
• Uruskan tekanan melalui aktiviti relaksasi dan tidur yang cukup.

Pemantauan dan Penilaian Berkala:

• Penilaian berterusan keberkesanan rawatan.
• Menyesuaikan pelan rawatan berdasarkan kemajuan atau perubahan dalam keadaan pesakit.
• Dapatkan maklum balas daripada pesakit dan keluarga berkenaan rawatan.

Campur Tangan Krisis:

• Penyediaan pelan tindakan untuk situasi kecemasan atau krisis.
• Hubungi perkhidmatan kecemasan atau hospital jika perlu.
• Berikan intervensi segera untuk mengurangkan risiko kepada diri sendiri atau orang lain.

     Akhir sekali, terdapat begitu banyak yang disyorkan oleh ahli psikologi untuk menguruskan gangguan mental. Apa yang dikongsikan di sini adalah sebahagian daripada perkara penting untuk anda tahu bagaimana untuk menguruskan sekiranya berlaku gangguan mental yang akan berlaku. Antara yang penting lain ialah psikoterapi sokongan ialah sejenis psikoterapi yang membantu orang berasa lebih baik tentang diri mereka sendiri. Jenis yang paling kerap digunakan, adalah berdasarkan perkembangan hubungan simpatik dan sokongan antara pesakit dan ahli terapi.

Edisi Psikologi Media Baru | Jurnal: Psikologi dalam Kesedaran Media Baharu

 Jurnal: Psikologi dalam Kesedaran Media Baharu

By, Afiq Shahiri

27 November 2017

Pengenalan

Evolusi pesat media digital telah mengubah landskap penyelidikan dan amalan psikologi dengan ketara. Jurnal ini bertujuan untuk meneroka hubungan pelbagai rupa antara psikologi dan media baharu, memfokuskan pada cara platform digital mempengaruhi tingkah laku manusia, kognisi dan interaksi sosial. Dengan meneliti penyelidikan terkini, kami berusaha untuk memberikan pemahaman yang menyeluruh tentang implikasi psikologi media baharu dan menawarkan pandangan tentang amalan berkesan untuk profesional kesihatan mental dalam era digital.

Kajian Literatur

    Psikologi Media dan Pelaburan Penyelidikan Ahli psikologi media telah menunjukkan minat teori dalam kedua-dua orang dan media, namun pelaburan penyelidikan lebih mengutamakan subjek berbanding rangsangan. Analisis terhadap 306 kajian daripada jurnal Media Psychology mendedahkan bahawa walaupun berpuluh-puluh ribu subjek manusia dikaji, bahan media yang digunakan selalunya sempit dan tidak mewakili. Percanggahan ini menyerlahkan keperluan untuk perwakilan media yang lebih bernuansa dan pelbagai dalam penyelidikan untuk lebih mencerminkan pengalaman media dunia sebenar

    Media Sosial dan Psikologi Profesional Penyepaduan media sosial ke dalam psikologi profesional telah mencipta peluang dan cabaran baharu. Pakar psikologi semakin menggunakan platform digital untuk melibatkan diri, bersosial dan berinteraksi dengan pelanggan, yang menimbulkan pertimbangan etika yang penting dan memerlukan latihan klinikal yang dikemas kini. Kepesatan kemajuan teknologi memerlukan pengamal untuk sentiasa dimaklumkan tentang implikasi aktiviti dalam talian mereka dan menyesuaikan amalan mereka dengan sewajarnya

    Kepentingan Psikologi Media Psikologi media mengkaji proses dan tingkah laku kognitif yang terlibat dalam penggunaan media dan kesannya. Walaupun kepentingannya, psikologi media masih kurang diwakili dalam kesusasteraan psikologi arus perdana dan program pendidikan. Memandangkan peranan media yang meluas dalam kehidupan seharian, adalah penting bagi ahli psikologi untuk menggunakan pendekatan psikologi untuk mengkaji media untuk meningkatkan kesahan luaran penemuan mereka dan lebih memahami kesannya terhadap tingkah laku.

    Media Digital Sebagai Cara Pengantaraan Media digital dilihat sebagai cara pengantaraan baharu, menggabungkan elemen tanda dan alat. Perspektif ini membuka ruang baharu untuk menyiasat perkembangan fungsi mental yang lebih tinggi dalam masyarakat digital. Aktiviti tradisional seperti membaca, menulis dan komunikasi diubah dalam konteks digital, mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif seperti perhatian, ingatan dan pemikiran.

    Kecekapan Media Psikologi Konsep "kompetensi media psikologi" dicadangkan untuk menangani tuntutan baharu ahli psikologi pendidikan dalam persekitaran media digital. Kecekapan ini melibatkan pemahaman mekanisme psikologi pembentukan personaliti dalam persekitaran media, menilai potensi perkembangan kandungan media, dan menyediakan pendidik, kanak-kanak dan ibu bapa untuk penggunaan media yang selamat dan produktif. Pendekatan antara disiplin adalah penting untuk mengintegrasikan paradigma psikologi secara berkesan dan meningkatkan pembangunan personaliti dalam konteks yang kaya dengan media.

    Pendidikan Psikologi Inovatif Kemunculan media baharu menawarkan peluang dan cabaran untuk pendidikan psikologi, khususnya untuk pelajar kolej. Universiti mesti menyesuaikan model komunikasi mereka dan memanfaatkan pemimpin pendapat dalam kalangan pelajar untuk memupuk inovasi dalam pendidikan psikologi. Pendekatan ini boleh meningkatkan keberkesanan program pendidikan dan menyediakan pelajar dengan lebih baik untuk era digital

    Psikologi Kesihatan dan Media Penyelidikan Media memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk pemahaman bersama tentang kesihatan. Penyelidikan semasa sering menumpukan pada topik perubatan, yang mengabaikan penentu kesihatan sosial yang lebih luas. Agenda penyelidikan yang lebih komprehensif diperlukan untuk menangani kebimbangan kesihatan struktur seperti jenayah, kemiskinan, dan modal sosial, yang juga dipengaruhi oleh perwakilan media

    Pendidikan Kesihatan Psikologi dalam Media Baharu Media baharu, termasuk internet dan telefon pintar, memberi kesan ketara kepada kesihatan psikologi pelajar universiti. Penyelidikan menunjukkan kedua-dua pengaruh positif dan negatif, memerlukan pendekatan komprehensif untuk pendidikan kesihatan psikologi. Dengan menyepadukan kaedah media baharu, sistem pendidikan boleh meningkatkan keberkesanan program kesihatan psikologi dan menangani keperluan pelajar dengan lebih baik.

    Pemasaran dan Khalayak Media Baharu Memahami psikologi khalayak media baharu adalah penting untuk pemasaran yang berkesan. Platform media baharu memudahkan perbandingan sosial, mempengaruhi tingkah laku pengguna. Pemasar mesti mempertimbangkan kecenderungan psikologi ini apabila membuat iklan dan kandungan untuk bergema dengan khalayak sasaran mereka

    Psikologi Khalayak dan Media Massa Psikologi khalayak, terutamanya ingatan terpilih dan penglibatan emosi, memainkan peranan penting dalam komunikasi media massa. Peralihan daripada penerima maklumat pasif kepada pengguna aktif dengan tuntutan psikologi yang kuat menggariskan kepentingan memahami psikologi penonton untuk mencipta kandungan media yang berkesan

Kesimpulan

Persimpangan psikologi dan media baharu membentangkan bidang pengajian yang dinamik dan berkembang. Dengan meneliti implikasi psikologi media digital, jurnal ini bertujuan untuk menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang cara media mempengaruhi tingkah laku manusia dan untuk memberikan pandangan yang berharga untuk profesional kesihatan mental yang menavigasi landskap digital. Penyepaduan pelbagai perspektif penyelidikan dan pendekatan antara disiplin akan menjadi penting dalam menangani cabaran dan peluang yang dikemukakan oleh media baharu.