Article Shared : Explain the conditions that are essential for operand and classical conditioning to occur and provide an example in the classroom context.

 

Explain the conditions that are essential for operand and classical conditioning to occur and provide an example in the classroom context.

Afiq Shahiri : 15/12/2021

 

Classical conditioning it is how one learns to associate stimuli or connect with the thinking brain. According to Ivan Pavlov (1927) gave a theory to two types of stimuli and two types of responses namely unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR). And furthermore, when a neutral stimulus gets linked with a significant stimulus, it gains the ability to trigger a comparable reaction. This is an example of associative learning.

Pavlov gave the example of a dog as a response for example unconditional stimulus (UCS) which shows the dog only listens to the door without responding while conditioned response (CR) is a learned response to a conditioned stimulus that occurs after the UCS-CS pair example gives sound as well as followed by feeding. According to him again, Involved in both good and bad experiences of youngsters in the school. Like favorite songs and the perception that the classroom is a secure and enjoyable environment are two examples of items in children's learning that have become classics and so provide hours of entertainment. To be clear in classical conditioning is included:

UCS is anything that elicits an instant or somewhat instinctive reaction might be defined as automatic reaction.

UCR is a response which is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.

CS is when a conditioned stimulus is offered repeatedly for a period of time prior to an unconditioned stimulus, it is said to have been conditionally presented. At the conclusion of the experiment, it will produce the same reaction as the conditioned stimulus.

CR is described as a reaction that occurs as a consequence of exposure to a conditioned stimulus

So operant conditioning is a learning process in which purposeful activities are rewarded by the consequences of those behaviours. If the dog then improves his or her ability to sit and remain in order to earn the reward, this is an example of operant conditioning. Other than that, positive reinforcement, such as giving a dog a treat or providing food to a rat, may be used in operant conditioning experiments. Furthermore, negative reinforcement is used to reward a dog for staying close to its human by relieving the uncomfortable strain on the leash. Opportunistic training might include punishment in certain cases. Each and every example of operant conditioning shows how a desired behaviour is reinforced via the use of consequences.

In operant conditioning, the concepts of reinforcement and punishment are used to achieve the desired results. You are enhancing a behaviour when you reinforce it. A consequence or result that raises the probability of a certain behavioural response is defined as reinforcement. The behavior-strengthening impact may present itself in a variety of ways, including increased frequency, longer duration, larger amplitude, and shorter latency in response. It is any consequence or event that reduces the chance of a behavioural reaction that is defined as a kind of punitive action.

Furthermore, both reinforcement and punishment might be positive and negative and have the potential to be effective. Positive and negative may not always imply good or bad behaviour in operant conditioning. Instead, positive implies that you are adding something, while negative implies that you are subtracting something. All of these techniques may be used to affect the behaviour of a subject, but each one operates in a different way.

For example, when in class, students like to run around in class. This thing cannot be saved because it is the nature of boys to do such a thing. But when they hear the rattan they will automatically stop. This is an example where the UCS response occurs. However, if this matter continues to be practiced then indirectly the students will recognize the sound and continue to respond then this matter is CR. At the same time, it can happen if the teacher makes an angry face at the students then automatically UCR happens. It is customary if done then they will understand if the teacher looks with a sharp gaze it signals to reprimand and the students will be silent. If this happens repeatedly then it has been embedded in the brains of the pupils. For example, the conditional stimulus arises when it is presented repeatedly for some time before the unconditional stimulus. Eventually, it will give the same response as the conditioned stimulus. So, the students have become accustomed to the conditions and react naturally when it happens. So, this is included in CS conditional stimuli.

 Other than that, it can also have a positive impact on behavior when operant conditioning applied. For example,

Positive reinforcers add desired or pleasant stimuli to increase or maintain the frequency of a behavior. For example, students not running around in class will get candy.

Negative reinforcers emit unpleasant or unpleasant stimuli to increase or maintain the frequency of the behavior. For example, a student if he does not run in class, can return early.

Positive punishment adds an unpleasant stimulus to reduce a behavior or reaction. For example, a student running around in class will be fined for having to memorize the numbers 1 through 12 in front of an assembly for four consecutive days.

Negative punishment eliminates pleasant stimuli to reduce behavior or reactions. For example, a student running in class will get a fine of all not being able to go home early at the end of the school day.

 These two things are very related to connect a situation. Stimuli that are used to promote a certain behaviour may be classified as either primary or secondary. The main reinforcer, also known as an unconditional reinforcer, is a stimulus that has a naturally reinforcing effect on the subject's behaviour. There has been no research on such reinforcers. At the sometime, it may include with generalization which is can generalize similar things and respond the same. For all students know, a bell rings to signal a break time. And finally is discrimination is an opportunistic conditioning occurs when an organism reacts differentially to two comparable but not identical stimuli in the context of different way. Like at an assembly when the teacher has finished speech,  half the students some applaud and some are silent. This shows different ways of responding from the same context.